Steps

1. How to initialize a Sequence of donuts

The code below shows how to initialize a Sequence of donut elements where each element in the Sequence is of type String.

println("Step 1: How to initialize a Sequence of donuts")
val donuts1: Seq[String] = Seq("Plain", "Strawberry", "Glazed")
println(s"Elements of donuts1 = $donuts1")

You should see the following output when you run your Scala application in IntelliJ:

Step 1: How to initialize a Sequence of donuts
Elements of donuts1 = List(Plain, Strawberry, Glazed)

2. How to append the word Donut to each element using the map function

The code below shows how to use the map method to append the String Donut to each donut element in the Sequence.

println("\nStep 2: How to append the word Donut to each element using the map function")
val donuts2: Seq[String] = donuts1.map(_ + " Donut")
println(s"Elements of donuts2 = $donuts2")

You should see the following output when you run your Scala application in IntelliJ:

Step 2: How to append the word Donut to each element using the map function
Elements of donuts2 = List(Plain Donut, Strawberry Donut, Glazed Donut)

NOTE:

• We've used the wildcard operator _ inside the map method.

3. How to create a donut sequence with one None element

The code below shows how another donut Sequence but which also contains a None element.

println("\nStep 3: How to create a donut sequence with one None element")
val donuts3: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq("Plain", "Strawberry", None)
donuts3.foreach(println(_))

You should see the following output when you run your Scala application in IntelliJ:

Step 3: How to create a donut sequence with one None element
Plain
Strawberry
None

4. How to filter out the None element using map function

The code below shows how to use the map method along with pattern matching to filter out the None element in the Donut sequence.

println("\nStep 4: How to filter out the None element using map function")
val donuts4: Seq[String] = donuts3.map {
 case donut: String => donut + " Donut"
 case None => "Unknown Donut"
}
println(s"Elements of donuts4 = $donuts4")

You should see the following output when you run your Scala application in IntelliJ:

Step 4: How to filter out the None element using map function
Elements of donuts4 = List(Plain Donut, Strawberry Donut, Unknown Donut)

5. How to define couple of functions which returns an Option of type String

The code below shows how to define two function both of which return an Option of type String which represent either a Donut or None.

println("\nStep 5: How to define couple of functions which returns an Option of type String")
def favoriteDonut: Option[String] = Some("Glazed Donut")

def leastFavoriteDonut: Option[String] = None

6. How to use map function to filter out None values

The code below shows how to use the map method to filter out None values from function return values.

println("\nStep 6: How to use map function to filter out None values")
favoriteDonut.map(donut => println(s"Favorite donut = $donut"))
leastFavoriteDonut.map(donut=> println(s"Least favorite donut = $donut"))

You should see the following output when you run your Scala application in IntelliJ:

Step 6: How to use map function to filter out None values
Favorite donut = Glazed Donut

NOTE:

• When leastFavoriteDonut function is called, nothing is printed because the map method has already filtered out None values.